Understanding the Symbolism of Buddhist Hand Gestures in Thangka Jewelry
Understanding the Symbolism of Buddhist Hand Gestures in Thangka Jewelry.
Buddhist hand gestures, known as “印相” (Yinxiang) or “印契” (Yinqi), are essential elements that convey profound spiritual meanings, distinct from everyday gestures. These "hand seals" (手印, Shouyin) have been integral to the depiction of Buddha statues since their inception, with the five hand gestures of Shakyamuni (释迦牟尼) serving as iconic examples.
1. The Teaching Gesture (说法印)
This gesture involves the thumb and middle finger (or index and ring finger) intertwined, while the other fingers remain relaxed. It symbolizes the Buddha’s act of teaching and reflects the moment of the first turning of the Dharma wheel in Deer Park. Hence, it is also known as the Dharma Wheel Gesture (转法轮印).
2. The Fearlessness Gesture (无畏印)
In this pose, the arms are raised to chest level, with fingers naturally spread and palms facing outward. This gesture represents the Buddha's compassionate intent to relieve sentient beings from fear, hence its name, the Fearlessness Gesture.
3. The Wish Granting Gesture (与愿印)
This gesture has the hands lowered naturally, with fingers pointing down and palms facing outward. It signifies the Buddha’s ability to fulfill the wishes of beings, embodying a spirit of compassion. It is often paired with the Fearlessness Gesture.
4. The Subduing Mara Gesture (降魔印)
Here, the right hand rests on the right knee, with fingers touching the ground, symbolizing the subjugation of demons. According to tradition, when Shakyamuni was achieving enlightenment, he was repeatedly disturbed by a demon king. In response, Shakyamuni touched the ground, calling upon the earth as a witness, which ultimately subdued the demon king. This gesture is also referred to as the Earth Touching Gesture (触地印).
5. The Meditation Gesture (禅定印)
In this pose, both hands are placed in front of the abdomen, with the right hand resting on the left and the thumbs touching. This gesture symbolizes meditation and inner peace. Legend has it that Shakyamuni used this position while meditating under the Bodhi tree. In Esoteric Buddhism, it is known as the "Dharma Realm Meditation Seal" (法界定印) and is associated with the Cosmic Buddha.
6. The Wisdom Fist Gesture (智拳印)
In this gesture, both hands form Vajra fists (金刚拳), with the right fist clasping the index finger of the left hand at the chest. It is said to represent the eradication of ignorance and the attainment of Buddha's wisdom.
7. The Symbol of Acceptance Gesture (期克印)
This gesture involves the middle finger and thumb touching, with the index finger raised. It serves as a subduing gesture in Esoteric Buddhism.
These hand gestures not only enrich the visual language of Thangka necklaces and other thangka jewelry but also embody the profound teachings of Buddhism. Understanding these symbols enhances our appreciation of the artistry and spiritual significance behind Thangka jewelry, making it a meaningful addition to anyone's collection.
樣本圖片庫
